Daytime sleepiness

Other names: Excessive daytime sleepiness, Narcolepsy

DEFINITION

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by overwhelming daytime drowsiness and sudden attacks of sleep. It can cause serious disruptions in daily routines. Contrary to some beliefs, narcolepsy is not related to depression, seizures, fainting, or lack of sleep.

SYMPTOMS

• Excessive daytime sleepiness
• Sudden loss of muscle tone (cataplexy)
• Sleep paralysis
• Hallucinations

CAUSES

The exact cause of narcolepsy is unknown, but genetics and infections may play a role. Low levels of hypocretin, a brain chemical that regulates wakefulness and REM sleep, are found in people with narcolepsy.

COMPLICATIONS

• Public misunderstanding
• Interference with relationships
• Physical harm
• Obesity

PREPARING FOR YOUR APPOINTMENT

Be aware of symptoms, medications, and questions for your doctor to make the most of your visit.

TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS

Diagnosis involves a detailed sleep history, sleep records, polysomnogram, multiple sleep latency test, and hypocretin test.

TREATMENTS AND DRUGS

Medications include stimulants, SSRIs/SNRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, and sodium oxybate. Lifestyle changes like sticking to a schedule and regular exercise are also important.

COPING AND SUPPORT

Communication with employers/teachers about accommodations, safety while driving, and support groups or counseling can help cope with narcolepsy.

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QUESTIONS

1. What are the main symptoms of narcolepsy?

Excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden loss of muscle tone (cataplexy), sleep paralysis, hallucinations.

2. How is narcolepsy diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves a detailed sleep history, polysomnogram, multiple sleep latency test, and hypocretin test.

3. Are there any treatments for narcolepsy?

Medications like stimulants, SSRIs/SNRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, and sodium oxybate can help manage symptoms.

4. What lifestyle changes can help with narcolepsy?

Sticking to a schedule, taking scheduled naps, avoiding nicotine/alcohol, and regular exercise can be beneficial.

5. What complications can arise from narcolepsy?

Complications include public misunderstanding, interference with relationships, physical harm from sleep attacks, and increased risk of obesity.

6. How does narcolepsy affect daily life?

Narcolepsy can disrupt daily routines due to excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep.

7. Is narcolepsy curable?

Narcolepsy is a chronic condition without a cure but symptoms can be managed with medications and lifestyle changes.

8. What causes narcolepsy?

The exact cause is unknown but genetics and infections may contribute to its development.

9. Can narcolepsy be mistaken for other conditions like depression or seizures?

Narcolepsy is distinct from conditions like depression or seizures despite some overlapping symptoms.

10. How can support groups help individuals with narcolepsy?

Support groups provide emotional support and coping strategies for individuals dealing with narcolepsy challenges.