Vaginitis

Other names: Yeast infection

DEFINITION

Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina that can result in discharge, itching, and pain. The cause is usually a change in the normal balance of vaginal bacteria or an infection. Vaginitis can also result from reduced estrogen levels after Menopause. The most common types of Vaginitis are:

• Bacterial vaginosis: results from overgrowth of one of several organisms normally present in your vagina.
• Yeast infections: usually caused by a naturally occurring fungus called Candida albicans.
• Trichomoniasis: caused by a parasite and commonly transmitted by sexual intercourse.
• Vaginal atrophy (atrophic Vaginitis): results from reduced estrogen levels after Menopause.

SYMPTOMS

Vaginitis signs and symptoms may include:

• Change in color, odor, or amount of discharge from your vagina.
• Vaginal itching or irritation.
• Pain during intercourse.
• Painful urination.
• Light vaginal bleeding or spotting.

The characteristics of vaginal discharge may indicate the type of Vaginitis you have. Examples include:

• Bacterial vaginosis: grayish-white, foul-smelling discharge.
• Yeast infection: itching, white, thick discharge resembling cottage cheese.
• Trichomoniasis: greenish-yellow, frothy discharge.

# WHEN TO SEE A DOCTOR

See your doctor if you develop any unusual vaginal discomfort, especially if:

• You've never had a vaginal infection.
• You've had multiple sex partners or a recent new partner.
• Your symptoms persist after over-the-counter anti-yeast medication.

CAUSES

The cause depends on the type of Vaginitis you have:

• Bacterial vaginosis: overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria.
• Yeast infections: overgrowth of Candida albicans.
• Trichomoniasis: caused by Trichomonas vaginalis parasite.
• Noninfectious Vaginitis: may result from irritants like vaginal sprays or hormonal changes.

RISK FACTORS

Factors that increase your risk of developing Vaginitis include hormonal changes, sexual activity, uncontrolled Diabetes, and the use of certain medications or hygiene products.

COMPLICATIONS

Vaginal infections generally don't cause serious complications but can lead to issues in pregnant women and increase the risk of acquiring other infections.

PREPARING FOR YOUR APPOINTMENT

To get ready for your appointment:

• Make a list of your symptoms and medical information.
• Avoid using tampons or douching before your appointment.
• Prepare questions for your doctor about prevention, treatment, and partner involvement.

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Questions your doctor may ask Be prepared to answer questions about your symptoms, hygiene habits, sexual activity, and medical history.

TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS

To diagnose Vaginitis, your doctor may review your medical history and perform a pelvic exam to collect samples for lab testing.

TREATMENTS AND DRUGS

Treatment for Vaginitis depends on the specific cause:

• Bacterial vaginosis: metronidazole tablets or gels.
• Yeast infections: antifungal creams or oral medications like Fluconazole.
• Trichomoniasis: metronidazole or tinidazole tablets.
• Thinning of vaginal lining: estrogen therapy.
• Noninfectious Vaginitis: identify and avoid irritants.

LIFESTYLE AND HOME REMEDIES

Good hygiene practices can help prevent Vaginitis recurrence:

• Avoid baths and scented products.
• Wipe from front to back after using the toilet.
• Don't douche and use latex condoms for protection.

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QUESTIONS

1. Can I prevent Vaginitis?

Good hygiene practices can help prevent some types of Vaginitis.

2. What are the signs and symptoms to watch for in Vaginitis?

Changes in discharge color, odor, itching, pain during intercourse, painful urination, and spotting are common signs.

3. Do I need medicine for treating Vaginitis?

Treatment depends on the type of Vaginitis; medication may be necessary for bacterial vaginosis or yeast infections.

4. Are there over-the-counter products for treating Vaginitis?

Yes, some yeast infection treatments are available over-the-counter but may not be suitable for all types of Vaginitis.

5. What should I do if my symptoms return after treatment?

If symptoms persist after treatment, consult your doctor for further evaluation and management.

6. Does my partner need testing or treatment if I have Vaginitis?

In some cases like Trichomoniasis, both partners may need testing and treatment to prevent reinfection.

7. How can good hygiene practices help with preventing Vaginal infections?

Avoiding scented products, proper wiping techniques, and not douching can help maintain vaginal health.

8. What are the risks associated with untreated Bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy?

Symptomatic Bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy has been linked to premature deliveries and low birth weight babies.

9. What lifestyle changes can help prevent recurring Yeast infections?

Wearing cotton underwear, avoiding irritants like scented tampons or pads can aid in preventing yeast infections recurrence.

10. When should I see a doctor for unusual vaginal discomfort?

It is advisable to see a doctor if you experience unusual vaginal discomfort especially if it's different from previous experiences or persists despite home remedies.