Peptic ulcer

Other names: Stomach ulcer

DEFINITION

Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop on the inside lining of your esophagus, stomach, and the upper portion of your small intestine. The most common symptom of a Peptic ulcer is abdominal pain.

Peptic ulcers include:

• Gastric ulcers that occur on the inside of the stomach
• Esophageal ulcers that occur inside the esophagus
• Duodenal ulcers that occur on the inside of the upper portion of the small intestine (duodenum)

SYMPTOMS

• Pain: Burning pain is the most common symptom, typically felt anywhere from the navel up to the breastbone.
• Other signs and symptoms: Vomiting blood, dark blood in stools, nausea, unexplained weight loss, and appetite changes.

CAUSES

• Bacterium: Helicobacter pylori bacteria commonly cause inflammation leading to ulcers.
• Regular use of certain pain relievers: Medications like aspirin and ibuprofen can irritate the stomach lining.
• Other medications: Some prescription medications like bisphosphonates can also lead to ulcers.

RISK FACTORS

• Smoking and alcohol consumption increase the risk of Peptic ulcers.

COMPLICATIONS

Left untreated, Peptic ulcers can result in internal bleeding, infection, and scar tissue formation.

PREPARING FOR YOUR APPOINTMENT

Before your appointment, be prepared with information about your symptoms, medications, and questions for your doctor.

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What to expect from your doctor Your doctor may ask about when your symptoms started, their severity, factors that worsen or improve them, and any medication use.

TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS

Diagnostic tests may include checking for H. pylori through blood, breath, or stool tests and using endoscopy or X-rays to visualize ulcers.

TREATMENTS AND DRUGS

Treatment may involve antibiotics to kill H. pylori, acid-blocking medications, antacids, and cytoprotective agents. Follow-up tests may be recommended after treatment.

LIFESTYLE AND HOME REMEDIES

To reduce the risk of Peptic ulcers, protect yourself from infections and use caution with pain relievers.

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QUESTIONS

1. What are Peptic ulcers?

Open sores on the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or upper small intestine.

2. What are common symptoms of Peptic ulcers?

Abdominal pain and signs like vomiting blood or unexplained weight loss.

3. What causes Peptic ulcers?

Factors such as H. pylori bacteria infection or regular use of certain pain medications.

4. How are Peptic ulcers diagnosed?

Through tests for H. pylori or procedures like endoscopy or X-rays.

5. What are potential complications of untreated Peptic ulcers?

Internal bleeding, infection, and scar tissue formation.

6. How can one prepare for a doctor's appointment regarding Peptic ulcers?

By noting down symptoms, medications taken, and preparing questions for the doctor.

7. What treatments are available for Peptic ulcers?

Antibiotics to kill H. pylori, acid-blocking medications, antacids, and cytoprotective agents.

8. What lifestyle changes can help with Peptic ulcers?

Protecting oneself from infections and using pain relievers cautiously.

9. Why is smoking considered a risk factor for Peptic ulcers?

It may increase the risk of Peptic ulcers in individuals infected with H. pylori.

10. What are some signs that indicate you should see a doctor regarding Peptic ulcer symptoms?

Persistent signs like abdominal pain that is not relieved by over-the-counter medications.

By addressing these questions comprehensively, individuals seeking information on stomach ulcers can gain a better understanding of this condition and its management options.