Depression (major depression)

Other names: Clinical depression, Depression

DEFINITION

Depression is a mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest, affecting how individuals feel, think, and behave. It can lead to emotional and physical problems, making day-to-day activities challenging and causing individuals to question the value of life.

SYMPTOMS

• Feelings of sadness or emptiness
• Loss of interest in normal activities
• Sleep disturbances
• Fatigue and lack of energy
• Changes in appetite
• Anxiety or restlessness
• Slowed thinking or movements
• Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
• Trouble concentrating
• Suicidal thoughts

Types of Depression: 1. Anxious distress 2. Mixed features 3. Melancholic features 4. Atypical features 5. Psychotic features 6. Catatonia 7. Peripartum onset 8. Seasonal pattern

CAUSES

• Biological differences
• Brain chemistry imbalances
• Hormonal changes
• Inherited traits
• Life events

RISK FACTORS

• Personal or family history of Depression
• Chronic illnesses
• Substance abuse
• Traumatic events

Complications:

• Obesity
• Substance abuse
• Anxiety disorders
• Social isolation
• Suicidal thoughts
• Premature death

When to Seek Help:
If you have symptoms of Depression, it's essential to seek help from a healthcare provider promptly to prevent worsening symptoms and potential complications.

Treatment Options:
Treatment options include medications (such as SSRIs, SNRIs), psychotherapy (cognitive behavioral therapy), hospitalization, electroconvulsive therapy, and lifestyle changes.

Coping Strategies:
Simplify your life, journaling, read reputable self-help materials, engage in social activities, take care of yourself physically and mentally.

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QUESTIONS

1. What are the common symptoms of Depression?

Symptoms include feelings of sadness, loss of interest in activities, sleep disturbances, fatigue, changes in appetite, anxiety, slowed thinking, feelings of worthlessness, trouble concentrating, and suicidal thoughts.

2. What are the different types of Depression?

Types include anxious distress, mixed features, melancholic features, atypical features, psychotic features, catatonia, peripartum onset, and seasonal pattern.

3. What are the risk factors for developing Depression?

Risk factors include personal or family history of Depression, chronic illnesses, substance abuse, traumatic events.

4. What are the complications associated with untreated Depression?

Complications may include obesity, substance abuse, anxiety disorders, social isolation, suicidal thoughts or actions.

5. When should someone seek help for Depression?

It is crucial to seek help if you experience symptoms of Depression that interfere with daily life or if you have thoughts of suicide.

6. What treatment options are available for Depression?

Treatment options include medications (SSRIs, SNRIs), psychotherapy (CBT), hospitalization for severe cases, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and lifestyle changes.

7. How can one cope with Depression on a daily basis?

Coping strategies include simplifying life tasks, journaling emotions and thoughts, seeking social support from friends and family members, engaging in self-care practices like exercise and healthy eating.

8. Are there alternative treatments available for Depression?

While some individuals explore herbal remedies like St. John's wort or supplements like SAMe or omega-3 fatty acids for mild symptoms of Depression; it's crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before trying these alternatives.

9. What role does psychotherapy play in treating Depression?

Psychotherapy is an essential component in managing Depression as it helps individuals identify negative beliefs and behaviors while providing coping strategies to improve mood and relationships.

10. How can one prevent the worsening of Depression symptoms?

Seeking early treatment at the first sign of symptoms worsening can help prevent further deterioration; maintaining long-term treatment as advised by healthcare providers can also reduce the risk of relapse.